三坐标测量仪基础知识 Basic Knowledge of Coordinate Measuring Machine

一、 什么是三坐标测量仪？

What is a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)?

它是由X轴、Y轴、Z轴组成的三个导轨，具有测量功能。目前主要运用于机械、电子、模具、汽车、航空航天、零部件等工业领域中，可以对零部、部件进行尺寸、形状公差、位置公差、同心度、平行度等方面的测量。当今主要使用的三坐标测量机分为四类，即桥式测量机、龙门式测量机、水平臂测量机以及便捷式测量机。

It consists of three guide rails corresponding to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, and is equipped with measurement functionality. At present, it is mainly applied in industrial sectors such as machinery, electronics, mold manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and component production. It can be used to measure dimensions, form tolerances, position tolerances, concentricity, parallelism and other parameters of parts and components.

Currently, the commonly used coordinate measuring machines fall into four categories: bridge-type CMMs, gantry-type CMMs, horizontal-arm CMMs, and portable CMMs.

二、三坐标的测量原理

Measuring Principle of Coordinate Measuring Machines

三坐标测量机主要通过探针系统与工件的相对移动，探测出工件表面的点。主要是通过接触式测量系统和非接触式测量系统获得被测工件的空间数据，再传输到计算机系统进行自动化检测，从而获得想要测量的几何数据。

A coordinate measuring machine mainly detects points on the surface of a workpiece through the relative movement between its probe system and the workpiece. It acquires the spatial data of the measured workpiece primarily via contact measurement systems and non-contact measurement systems, and then transmits the data to a computer system for automated inspection, thereby obtaining the desired geometric measurement data.

三、三坐标测量机未来发展趋势

Future Development Trends of Coordinate Measuring Machines

从国内外三坐标测量仪的发展情况做对比分析，总结了以下几个方面：

Based on a comparative analysis of the development of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) domestically and internationally, the following aspects are summarized:

（1）普及高速测量：随着全球化趋势的加速，生产节奏也大大加快，用户在选用测量机时，不在单单对测量机的精准度严格评判，对测量速度也提出了越来越高的要求。

（1）Popularization of High-speed Measurement

With the acceleration of globalization, the production tempo has been greatly increased.

When selecting measuring machines, users are no longer only imposing strict requirements on the accuracy of the equipment, but also putting forward increasingly higher demands for measurement speed.

（2）新材料新技术的应用：与传统的钢铁结构相比较，客户更多会采用重量轻、刚性和柔性相结合的合金材料，这就需求企业在新材料新技术上的不断创新。

（2）Application of New Materials and Technologies

Compared with traditional steel structures, customers prefer to adopt alloy materials that feature light weight as well as a combination of rigidity and flexibility. This requires enterprises to continuously innovate in terms of new materials and technologies.

（3）控制系统的改进：也就是说测量机所配备的软件系统，现在测量只是一个动作，客户需要的是数据，只有配备升级版的测量系统，才能保证数据的可靠性。

（3）Improvement of Control Systems

In other words, this refers to the software systems equipped on measuring machines. At present, measurement is merely an operational step, while what customers really need is reliable data. Only with upgraded measurement systems can the reliability of data be guaranteed.

（4）探针系统的改进：众所周知，现在测量机主要以接触式和非接触式为主，两种测量方式都有一定的偏差，要想获得精准数据，未来还需要更多创新。

（4）Improvement of Probe Systems

As we all know, current measuring machines mainly adopt contact and non-contact measurement methods, both of which have certain deviations. To obtain accurate data, more innovations are needed in the future.