三坐标小知识：光栅尺与磁栅尺对比 CMM Tips: Comparison Between Linear Encoders and Magnetic Encoders

​1.光栅尺简介

1.Introduction to Optical Linear Encoders

光栅尺是利用光的干涉和衍射原理制作而成的传感器。光栅尺经常应用于数控机床的闭环伺服系统中，可用作直线位移或者角位移的检测。其测量输出的信号为数字脉冲，具有检测范围大，检测精度高，响应速度快的特点。

Optical linear encoders are sensors manufactured based on the principles of light interference and diffraction. Widely adopted in closed-loop servo systems of CNC machine tools, they are utilized to measure linear displacement or angular displacement. These encoders output digital pulse signals and feature a large measurement range, high measurement accuracy and fast response speed.

2.磁栅尺简介

2.Introduction to Magnetic Linear Encoders

磁栅尺是利用磁极的原理制作而成的传感器。基尺是被均匀磁化的钢带。S和N极均匀间隔排列在钢带上，通过读数头读取S，N极的变化来记数。

Magnetic linear encoders are sensors fabricated based on magnetic pole principles. The measuring base strip is a uniformly magnetized steel band with south (S) poles and north (N) poles arranged at equal intervals along its length. The readhead counts pulses by detecting variations between alternating S and N poles.

3.光栅尺与磁栅尺的优缺点分析

3.Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages: Optical Linear Encoders vs. Magnetic Linear Encoders

（1）光栅尺精度相对较高（±0.005mm），但是受温度影响较大（一般使用环境在40°C以下），而且对周围环境要求较高，使用寿命相对较短。

(1) Optical linear encoders deliver relatively high accuracy (±0.005 mm). Nevertheless, they are greatly susceptible to temperature variations; their operating ambient temperature is generally required to be below 40°C. Additionally, they impose stringent requirements on working surroundings and feature a comparatively shorter service life.

（2）磁栅尺精度相对低一点点（±0.01mm），但是耐水、耐油污、耐粉尘和耐振动性更好，适应环境能力更强，使用寿命相对较长。

(2) Magnetic linear encoders have slightly lower accuracy (±0.01 mm). However, they boast superior resistance to water, oil contamination, dust and vibration, offering stronger environmental adaptability and a relatively longer service life.